- ACR Criteria for Diagnosis of SLE.

American college of Rheumatology (ACR) Criteria

for Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

"Sharp Domain"

1. Serositis:Pleuritis, pericarditis.
2. Hematologic disorder (hemolytic anemia OR Leukopenia less than 4,000 OR Lymphopenia less than 1500 or thrombocytopenia less than 100,000).
3. Arthritis:-(nonerosive, involving 2 or more joints).
4. Renal disorder:-(persistent proteinuria > 0.5 grams per day OR cellular CASTS).
5. Photosensitivity:- Rash on exposure to sun light.
   
   

Read more �

- Skin manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Skin manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

"Dr Palm"

• Discoid rash.
• Raynaud's phenomenon: observed at distal digital tips.

• Photosensitivity, Purpuric lesion, Pre-ungual erythema.
• Alopecia:commonly affect the temporal regions.
• Lichen plannus like, Livedo reticularis, leucoderma.
• Malar rash.

Dr Ibrahim

-Sj�gren's syndrome.

Sj�gren's syndrome

(Sicca syndrome.)

*Def:-

It is chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands(1)that produce tears and saliva.

*synonymes:-

• Mikulicz disease.
• Sicca syndrome.

*It is named after Swedish ophthalmologist Henrik Sj�gren(2)(1899�1986) who first described it.

*Pathology:-

It is characterized by unusual infiltration of these glands that are responsible for fluid production by lymphocytes, thus causing decreased saliva (dry mouth), decreased tear production (dry eyes), and drying of other mucous membranes.
Read more �

- Carpal tunnel syndrome.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

*Def:- is a medical condition in which the median nerve is compressed inside the flexor retinaculum leading to paresthesias, numbness and muscle weakness in the hand.

*Causes:-

Due to fibrosis,fluid accumulation,soft tissue or bone hypertrophy which my be due to:-

"MEDIAN TRAP"(1)

Myxoedema
Edema
Diabetes mellitus,Drugs(e.g Oral contraceptive pills)
Idiopathic
Acromegaly
Neoplasm

Trauma,Typists(Occuptional).
Rheumatoid arthritis
Amyloidosis
Pregnancy

Read more �

-Brown-S�quard syndrome.

Brown-S�quard syndrome.
(Hemisection of spinal cord.)

*Aetiology:-
lesion in one side of the spinal cord as:-

• Stab wound.
• Disc prolapse.
• D.S.
• Tumor.
  
  

Read more �

- Horner's syndrome.

Horner's syndrome

*Def:-

It is a clinical syndrome caused by damage to the sympathetic nerve supply to head and neck.

*synonymes:-

• Bernard-Horner syndrome
• oculosympathetic palsy.

*Causes:-

Due to lesion or compression of one side of the cervical or thoracic sympathetic chain which generates symptoms on the ipsilateral (same side as lesion) side of the body:-Read more �

-Toxic Causes of respiratory Failure.

Toxic Causes of respiratory Failure

Read more �