-Varieties of Diabetic neuropathy.

Varieties of Diabetic neuropathy
"Stamp"

Sensorimotor polyneuropathy.
Truncal neuropathy.
Autonomic neuropathy.
Mononeuropathy.
Proximal neuropathy (diabetic amyotrophy).

Dr Ibrahim

-Atta's triad.

Atta's triad.

Atta's triad of bilharzial dysentery:-

1. Bleeding per rectum.
2. Polyposis.
3. Clubbing of fingers.

Dr Ibrahim

Return to other triads here.

-Charcot's triad.

Charcot's triad.

Charcot's triad of acute cholangitis:-

1. Fever with rigors.
2. Right hypochondrial pain.
3. Jaundice.

Dr Ibrahim
Return to other triads here.

-No in ASD.

No in Atrial septal defect.

No murmur due to ASD itself but murmur of relative MS,PS.
No ACEIs if HF occur but give diuretics and digitalis.
No spontanous closure of ASD.
No symptoms or signs in small ASD.

Dr Ibrahim

-Malabsorption syndrome.

Malabsorption syndrome.

Def:-Interference of absorption of one or more of the nutrients from small intestine,however lipids almost always fail to be absorbed leading to steatorrhea (fatty stool).

Causes:-

1)Gastric causes:-

• Cancer stomach.
• Atrophic gastritis.
• Gastrectomy.
• Gastrojejunostomy.
• Prenicious anemia.
• Zolinger Ellison syndrome.

2)Pancreatic causes(decrease Pancreatic enzymes):-

• Chronic pancreatitis.
• Cystic fibrosis.
• Pancreatic resection.
• Cancer pancrease
• Hemochromatosis.
  

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-Grading of function in rheumataid disease.

Grading of function in rheumataid disease

I Fit for all activities.
II Moderate restriction.
III Marked restriction.
IV Confined to chair or bedbound.

Dr Ibrahim
Return to list of medical grades (click here)

-Caroli's syndrome.

Caroli's syndrome.

Def:-
It is a congenital segmental dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary system.

Clinical picture:-

• Recurrent attacks of cholangitis.
• liver abscesses may occur.

Complications:-

• Biliary stones.
• Cholangiocarcinoma.

Treatment:-

• Antibiotics for cholangitis.
• Segmental liver resection for localized disease.

Dr Ibrahim

Return to list of medical syndromes here

-Iatrogenic endocrinal diseases.

Iatrogenic endocrinal diseases
"TV as Milk"

Thyroxin therapy lead to thyrotoxicosis.
Vit D lead to hypercalcaemia.

Amiodarone lead to thyroid dysfunction.
ACEIs lead to hypoaldosteronism.
Sympathomimetics lead to picture like thyrotoxicosis.
Steroid therapy lead to DM and cushing syndrome.

Metoclopramide lead to hyperprolactinaemia.
Iodide lead to hyperthyrodism.
Insulin and oral hypoglycemic lead to hypoglycemia.
Lithium lead to hypothyrodism.
Ketoconazole lead to hypoadrenalism.

Dr Ibrahim

-Psychic features of Hyperthyrodism.

Psychic features of Hyperthyrodism.

"Mania"

• Mental disturbance.
• Anxiety.
• Nervousness.
• Insomnia.
• Agitation.
   

Dr Ibrahim

-Congenital Rubella Syndrome.

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Aetiology:-
Maternal infection by rubella leads to Maternal viremia which lead to transplacental spread of the virus to the fetus causing fetal viremia whcih in turn leads to infection invloving many fetal organs and hence congenital anomalies.

N.B:- Newborn discharge virus in his secretions for 12-18 months after birth so he is infectious.
Incidence:-
*In the 1st trimester:- 15-20%.
*In the 4th month:- 5%.
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