- Arterial line placement.

Arterial line placement.

An intra-arterial catheter (A-line) is a very small plastic tube (called catheter) placed in one of your blood vessels (an artery) by highly trained personnel. This is usually done during or before certain types of surgery or in the Intensive Care Unit.

To see how to undergo Arterial line see the following video from New Engeland Journal of Medicine.

you can see the video online on NEJM here or

Download it directly from here

or watch it now :D

Read more �

- ASA Grading system.

ASA Grading system

American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade is the most commonly used grading system to measure of a persons overall health, rather than a fitness for anaesthesia and surgery.   

• Grade  I   Healthy individual with no systemic disease 
• Grade II  Mild systemic disease not limiting activity
• Grade III Severe systemic disease that limits activity but is not incapacitating .
• Grade IV  Incapacitating systemic disease which is constantly life-threatening.
• Grade V   Moribund, not expected to survive 24 hours with or without surgery.
  Dr Ibrahim
  Return to list of medical grades (click here)

- Otitis Externa table.

Otitis Externa table.

This is a table for comparison between different types of Otitis Externa.

First what is Otitis Externa?

Simply it is It is Inflammation of the skin of the external auditory canal.

To download the table from MediaFire Click here size 20KB

In the table there is a comparison between

• Furunclosis( Localized otitis externa )
• Diffuse otitis externa
• Necrotizing otitis externa (Malignant otitis externa)
• Otomycosis
• Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsey- Hunt syndrome)

As regard:-

• Definition
• Aetilogy
• Predisposing Factors
• Clinical picture
• Treatment

You can print the table on large papers (A3 papers)

Good luck,

Dr Ibrahim

-Local Complications of pneumonia.

Local Complications of pneumonia
"Idea"

Incomplete resolution and followed by bronchiectasis later on.
Delayed resolution.
Pleural Effusion,Empyema.
Lung Abscess,ARDS and respiratory failure.

Dr Ibrahim

- Wagner Grading System for Diabetic Foot Infections.

Wagner Grading System for Diabetic Foot Infections

• Grade 0 :- Intact Skin,but high risky foot.
• Grade 1 :- Superficial ulcer of skin or subcutaneous tissue.
• Grade 2 :- Deep Ulcers but no abscess nor bone involvement.
• Grade 3 :- Deep ulcer with osteomyelitis, or abscess.
• Grade 4 : -Gangrene of toes,heel or forefoot (localized).
• Grade 5 :- Gangrene of whole foot.

 Dr Ibrahim
Return to list of medical grades (click here) 

-Physiological loss of abdominal superficial reflexes.

Physiological Causes of loss of abdominal superficial reflexes:-

"Foams"

Faulty techniques.
Obesity.
Attentive patient,Ascites.
Multiparous.
Scar.

Dr Ibrahim Samaha

-Variants(Types)of Scleroderma.

Variants(Types)of Scleroderma.

"Sold"

A)Systemic sclerosis without Scleroderma:-
i.e internal organ involvement without cutaneous scleroderma.
B)Overlap syndrome:-
scleroderma associated with other autoimmune disease.
C)localized scleroderma:-
scleroderma without internal organ involvement.
Charachterized by Morphoea which are local patches of scleroderma.
D)Limited scleroderma(CREST Syndrome):-
There is minimal visceral involvement, positive anticentromere antibodies and good prognosis.
Skin hardening is limited to face,feet and fingers.
(Calcinosis,Raynaud's phenomenon,Esophageal dysfunction,Sclerodactly,Telangectasia.)
E)Diffuse scleroderma:-
Diffuse thickening of trunk,proximal and distal limbs with internal organ development and damage so it is life threatening.

Dr Ibrahim