MICROBIOLOGY PPT LECTURE NOTES - set 2

Introduction
Bacterial Morphology and Structure
Bacterial Physiology
Disinfection and Sterilization
Bacteriophage
Bacterial Variation
Bacterial Infection and Immunity
Laboratory Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Bacte rial Infection
The Staphylococci
Enteric Bacilli
Vibrio
Anaerobic Bacteria
Actinomyces and Nocardia
Diphtheria
Mycobacterium
Brucella
Campylobacter jejuni
Mycoplasmas
Rickettsia
Chlamydiae
Spirochetes
MYCOLOGY
MAIN PATHOGENIC FUNGI
General virology
Viral Infection and immunity
Laboratory Diagnosis and prevention
Respiratory viruses
Enteroviruses
Gastrointestinal Viruses
hepatitis virus
Flavivirus
Hemorrhogic Fever Virus
Herpes virus
Retrovirus
Rabies virus
PrionHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (26 slides, 1.2 MB)
Hepatitis A-E (48 slides, 1.4MB)
Herpesviruses (71 slides, 1.1MB)
Herpesvirus Infections in Immunocompromised Patients (29 slides, 397KB)
Enteroviruses (21 slides, 211KB)
Respiratory Viruses (28 slides, 401KB)
Diarrhoeal Viruses (16 slides, 286KB)
Congenital Viral Infections (25 slides, 88KB)
Arboviruses (19 slides, 805KB)
Viral Zoonoses: Rabies, Arena, and Hantaviruses (27 slides, 933KB)
Virological Tests (38 slides, 987KB)
Molecular Tests used for the Comparison of Viruses (11 slides, 114KB)
Laboratory Quality Control (19 slides, 78KB)
Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (43 slides, 677KB)
Viral Pathogenesis (32 slides, 859KB)

SOURCES:
Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine
AND
virology-online.com
FOR MEDICAL LECTURE NOTES ONLINE http://medicalpptonline.blogspot.com/

- Bladder Injury.

Bladder Injury

Aetiology:-

1. Blunt trauma : 10% of pelvic fractures.
2. Penetrating trauma :gunshots or stap wounds.
3. Iatrogenic:-
• Obestetric :- 0.3% with caeserean section.
• Gynaecological e.g.during a vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy.
• Urological e.g during cystescopy.
• Orthopaedic e.g. pins and screws can commonly perforate the urinary bladder, particularly during internal fixation of pelvic fractures.
4. Idiopathic:- due to presence of a previous scar.

Classification(Pathophysiology):-

1. Extraperitoneal rupture bladder:
Usually due to fracture pelvis,and Extravasation occur at the perivesical space and may extend up to the anterior abdominal wall,If the urogenital membrane is injuried.
2. Intraperitoneal rupture bladder:(The most dangerous)
Usually due to direct trauma when the bladder is full,associated with electrolyte disturbance and may passed unnoticed for along time.

Read more �

- Side effects of antithyroid drugs.

Side effects of antithyroid drugs.

"Charge"

Cholestatic jaundice.
Hypothyroidism.
Allergy,Agranulocytosis.
Relapse on sudden stoppage.
Goiter,Git upsets.
Exophthalmos increase.

enjoy,,

Dr Ibrahim

-Duhin-Johnson syndrome.

Duhin-Johnson syndrome.

It is Autosomal recessive disease characterized by Partial defect in excretion of conjugated bilirubin into the bile.

*Clinical picture:-It is usually asymptomatic.

1. Jaundice.
2. Good general condition.

*Investigations:-

1. Bilirubin: mild elevation of direct bilirubin
2. Biopsy (dark pigment inside hepatocytes i.e the liver is black in colour), it had been proved to be a metabolite of catecholamines.
3. +ve Bromosulphthalein (BSP) Test: Normally 90% of this dye is removed from blood within 45 minutes after I.V injection in normal liver.
In Dubin-Johnson syndrome there is a late rise in plasma SSP after an initial fall due to reflux of the dye from the liver reflecting hepatic excretion defect.
4. No evidence of obstruction.
5. No evidence of LCF.

*Treatment:-

No treatment (almost normal life span).

Dr Ibrahim

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